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In partnership with ACPET, we conducted a socio-economic impact assessment for NTPC Limited's CSR initiative to understand how this transition is affecting the people who make the biomass supply chain work—from farmers and aggregators to processors, transporters, and power plant officials. The study reflects our growing work at the intersection of climate action, livelihoods, and evidence-based policy.
The Goal
The assessment aimed to understand whether the expanding biomass economy is delivering meaningful socio-economic benefits for communities while identifying the barriers that continue to limit equitable participation. The findings were intended to support more inclusive policies and strengthen biomass supply systems for the future.
Our Approach
We adopted a mixed-methods research design that combined quantitative and qualitative evidence to capture both system-level trends and lived experiences.
The study engaged more than 160 stakeholders across key districts in Haryana, including over 100 farmers, aggregators, processors, transporters, and officials from NTPC. We used digital CAPI surveys through KoboToolbox alongside in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary research to build a comprehensive understanding of the biomass value chain.
Rather than looking only at economic indicators, the assessment explored how policy incentives, market structures, gender dynamics, and local realities influenced participation and benefits across the supply chain.
The Impact
The study generated evidence on both the opportunities and challenges emerging within India's biomass economy.
While new enterprises, employment opportunities, and reduced stubble burning are creating positive momentum, the research also highlighted important structural gaps. Farmers often bear the costs of crop residue management, market access remains dependent on intermediaries, financial viability is closely tied to government incentives, and women's participation continues to be limited and largely unpaid.
The findings informed recommendations to strengthen cluster-based systems such as custom hiring centres, improve financial and policy support for supply chain actors, invest in skill development, and create more intentional pathways for women's participation in the growing biomass economy.
Ultimately, the study reinforced an important principle: climate transitions are only sustainable when they also create equitable livelihood opportunities for the communities driving them.
Looking to understand how climate policies translate into real-world social and economic outcomes? Get in touch.